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Contents of this article
- 1. 50 words about the origin of Qingming Festival
- 2. How about Ji Liming’s treatment of freckles at Tianjin Meilai Hospital?
- 3. How about Tianjin Meilai Hospital?
- 4. Detailed introduction to the rule of Guangwu
50 words about the origin of Qingming Festival
Jie Zitui cut off a piece of meat from his leg and gave it to Chong'er to eat. When the reward was awarded, Jie Zitui and his mother lived in seclusion in Mianshan. In order to force him out, Chong'er accidentally burned Jie Zitui to death.
To commemorate Jie Zitui, Duke Wen of Jin ordered that on this day every year, it is forbidden to light fires, and every household can only eat raw and cold food. This is the origin of the Cold Food Festival, which is now the Qingming Festival.
Extended information:
The main customs during the Cold Food Festival include the ban on fire and cold food and the sacrifice and sweeping of graves, which later became the main part of the Qingming Festival. Ancient Chinese people attached great importance to worshiping their ancestors. In ancient times, when someone died in the family, only a grave pit was dug for burial without a grave marker, and sacrifices were mainly performed in the ancestral temple.
Later, when grave pits were dug, grave mounds were built and ancestor worship was arranged in the cemetery, which provided material support. During the Warring States Period, the trend of tomb worship gradually became stronger.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the custom of worshiping and sweeping tombs became more popular. According to the "Book of Han" records, even if Minister Yan Yannian was thousands of miles away from Beijing, he would return home regularly to pay homage and sweep the cemetery. In the Tang Dynasty, both scholars and common people regarded tomb-sweeping during the Cold Food Festival as a ritual to return to their roots and trace their ancestors. Since Tomb-Sweeping Day is very close to the Cold Food Festival, people often extended tomb-sweeping to Tomb-Sweeping Day.
Reference: Qingming Festival-Baidu Encyclopedia
How does Ji Liming treat freckles at Tianjin Meilai Hospital?
I came to the department in March this year. I have had freckles on my face for more than ten years. I have always had low self-esteem since I was a child. I have always wanted to do laser freckle removal. After a friend introduced me to Dr. Ji Liming, the effect was very obvious after the first time. My freckles are all gone for once, and I am very satisfied. I am grateful to the doctor for laser freckle removal that has cured my freckles that I have had for many years and also given me a sense of confidence.
How about Tianjin Meilai Hospital?
The effect of laser treatment on acne is particularly good. It was also recommended by a friend. The doctor patiently listened to the patient's symptoms and decisively gave treatment plans and unified suggestions. The subsequent treatment results were satisfactory!
Detailed introduction to the rule of Guangwu
Guangwu Zhongxing
Liu Xiu ascended the throne as emperor in the summer of the third year of Gengshi (25 AD) in Wuchengmo, Qianqiu Pavilion, South of Ha County (now in Baixiang, Hebei Province). It was changed to Jianwu in the Yuan Dynasty and Hao to Gaoyi. The following year, Luoyang was established as the capital and the Eastern Han Dynasty was established. In the next four years, he commanded the army to suppress the peasant uprisings such as Chimei and flatten the separatist forces in various places. During his reign, he governed the world with "judo" and adopted a series of measures to restore and develop social production and alleviate the social crisis since the end of the Western Han Dynasty. From the second to the fourteenth year of Jianwu (AD 26-38), six edicts were issued on the release of slaves, stipulating that those sold as slaves during the war would not be treated as common people, and unreleased official and private slaves must have basic personal protection. In the eleventh year of Jianwu's reign, three consecutive edicts were issued, stipulating that those who killed slaves would not be punished by reduction; those who burned slaves would be punished according to law; slaves who were not burned would be treated as common people; and the law that punished slaves for shooting and wounding would be abolished. The lighter land tax system of the Western Han Dynasty was restored, and one tax per thirty was implemented. Disband the local army, abolish the service system, and organize the army to colonize areas. The government streamlined administration and reduced officials, and more than 400 counties were merged. Freed prisoners were released as common people and used to farm in border counties. In the 15th year of Jianwu's reign, the government ordered land transfer and household registration inspection to strengthen the feudal state's control over land and labor. Strengthen the centralization of power, grant generous titles to meritorious officials, but prohibit them from intervening in politics; exclude the three princes, increase the power of the ministers who were originally in charge of documents around the emperor, put the national government affairs office under the overall control of the emperor, and abolish the local captains who control the army. Various measures brought about social stability, economic recovery, and population growth in the early Eastern Han Dynasty. Therefore, Liu Xiu's reign was known as the "Guangwu Zhongxing" in history.
Measures
Rebuilding the unified regime
After the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a large army was immediately dispatched to cross the river and march south. The first is to mop up the remnants of the reform regime in various places, and then concentrate the main force to suppress the Red Eyebrow Army. In August of the first year of Jianwu, Luoyang was captured. In October of this year, Liu Xiu traveled from Hebei to Luoyang and established his capital here. In the spring of the second year of Jianwu (AD 26), Deng Yu led his troops to the Guanzhong area and entered Chang'an while the Red Eyebrow Army evacuated Chang'an to Fufeng (today's Xingping, Shaanxi). Soon, the Red Eyebrow Army returned to Chang'an, defeated Deng Yu's army, and forced it to withdraw from Guanzhong. But at this time, the Red Eyebrow Army also encountered great difficulties: on the one hand, the wealthy landowners in the Guanzhong area formed a camp and resisted; on the other hand, famines occurred one after another in Guanzhong, making the supply of food and grass very difficult. Chimei had no choice but to evacuate Chang'an again, determined to lead his troops back east. Unexpectedly, on the way back east, he fell into a tight siege by the Han army. In the first month of the third year of Jianwu (AD 27), Guangwu, in view of Deng Yu's repeated defeats, ordered the partial general Feng Yi to be the general of the expedition to the west, to act as president of all the armies on behalf of Deng Yu. He also ordered Deng Yu to lead his army to join Feng Yi. They set up defenses in the area of Xiaoshan (today's south of Mianchi, Henan) to snipe the Red Eyebrow Army. In the battle of Guodi (now southwest of Mianchi, Henan Province), the Red Eyebrow Army was severely defeated, losing more than 80,000 people. The remaining 100,000 people went south and were surrounded near Yiyang (today's west of Yiyang County, Henan Province). Guangwu "will conquer it". Chimei suddenly encountered a large army. He was very shocked and sent Liu Gong to beg for surrender.
After suppressing the peasant uprising, the Eastern Han Dynasty adopted a strategic approach to attack the feudal separatist forces in the north and south. From the fifth to the twelfth year of Jianwu (AD 29-36), they successively eliminated Peng Chong of Yuyang, Qin Feng of Nanjun, Liu Yong of Liangdi, Zhang Bu of Qidi, and Li Xian of Lujiang. , Dong Xian of the East China Sea, Yancen of Hanzhong, Tian Rong of Yiling, Wei Xiao of Longxi, Lu Fang of An Ding, and Gongsun Shu of Bashu rebuilt the unified Liu Han feudal regime.
In order to consolidate the newly-established feudal regime of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Guangwu learned from historical experience and lessons and adopted a series of policies and measures to strengthen imperial power and ease class conflicts.
Centralized power at the Chancellery
In the name of preferential treatment to meritorious officials and noble relatives, Guangwu granted them titles, lands, houses, and high-ranking officials with generous salaries, but removed their military and political power. In view of the weight of the Three Dukes in the early Western Han Dynasty, Guangwu shifted his authority downwards. Although he established the position of the Three Dukes, he attributed all administrative power to the Shangshutai, which was located in China and under the direct command of the emperor. There is one Shangshu Ling in the Shangshu Taiwan, with a rank of one thousand shi, one Shangshu Pushe, and one person each of the six Cao Cao Shangshu, all with a rank of 600 shi, who are responsible for various government affairs. There are officials such as Cheng, Lang, Lingshi, etc. below. All political orders are directly reported to the Emperor Chen from the Shangshutai, and are decided by the Emperor. From then on, "all affairs in the world were submitted to the minister, who participated in the decision-making with the master, and then went to the three (gong) mansions." However, in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, more powerful ministers were given the title of "recording ministerial affairs", so the authority once again shifted downwards, and the ministerial desk transformed into a tool for the dictatorship of powerful ministers.
Simplify the organization and reduce redundant staff
In the sixth year of Jianwu (AD 30), the imperial edict was issued to assign the prefectural and animal husbandry departments to the various administrative departments, and to reduce the number of officials in the province. If the county and country did not have enough officials to replace them, they could be merged, and the chief minister would be appointed. , Da Sikong Second Mansion. So "there were more than 400 counties in Tiaozu, and the official posts were reduced and one of ten was replaced." At the same time, the local military system of the Western Han Dynasty was abolished, local soldiers in various inland counties were abolished, the post of county captain was abolished, and the annual military recruitment and training examination in the county was also cancelled. Local defense was replaced by recruited professional troops. However, in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the governors of the prefectures gradually gained more power, and they also had military, political and financial power, and local military forces gradually rose again.
Promote Confucianism and commend integrity
Guangwu inherited the tradition of only respecting Confucianism during the Western Han Dynasty. After the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he immediately established the Imperial Academy and established doctors, each of whom taught the classics according to their family methods. When Guangwu visited Lu, he sent Da Sikong to worship Confucius. Later, he named Kong Zhi, a descendant of Confucius, as a Marquis of Bocheng to show his respect for Confucius and Confucianism. In particular, they worship the prophecy superstition created by the Confucian Jinwen school. As early as the founding of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Guangwu imitated Wang Mang, Gongsun Shu and others in using prophecies as the basis for his destiny, and instructed his former classmate Qiang Hua to forge a prophecy called "Chifu Fu": "Liu Xiufa cannot be captured by his troops." "Tao, all the barbarians gather together and dragons are in the wild, and fire is the main thing on the fourth and seventh days." It means that he inherited the fire virtue of the Western Han Dynasty and is the destined emperor who "has the heart of heaven and earth, and returns to Yuanyuan below." After the Eastern Han Dynasty unified the country, it "announced prophecies to the world" and respected prophecy superstition as "internal learning" as an ideological tool to maintain feudal rule. While advocating Confucian theology, Guangwu recognized that some bureaucrats and celebrities in the late Western Han Dynasty were obsessed with wealth and wealth, and attached themselves to Wang Mang, in order to commend their integrity. The "high integrity" of the second surname of the official was an attempt to cultivate a social atmosphere of attaching importance to names and integrity, and to serve the consolidation of the feudal rule of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Pay attention to people's livelihood and rest with them
First, release slaves and prisoners. Since the late Western Han Dynasty, more and more farmers have been reduced to slaves and prisoners, which has become an important issue in the increasingly acute class conflicts in the late Western Han Dynasty. In the last years of Wang Mang, many slaves and prisoners participated in the uprising; at the same time, there were also many slaves and prisoners in the armies of some separatist forces. When Guangwu was rebuilding the feudal regime of Liu Han, in order to disintegrate the enemy army and strengthen his own strength, as well as to stabilize social order and ease class conflicts, he issued many edicts to release slaves and stipulated that anyone who abused, killed or injured slaves would be punished. The scope of the imperial edict to free slaves and maidservants as common people mainly included those who were illegally confiscated as slaves during Wang Mang's reign, or those who married their wives and sold their children as slaves due to poverty; those who were sold as slaves due to famine or war in the last years of Wang Mang's reign of; someone who was plundered as a wife during the war. In addition, it also stipulates that arbitrarily killing and wounding slaves is not allowed and the "law of slaves who shoot and injure people and abandon the market" is abolished, which shows that the status of slaves has improved compared with the past. At the same time, in the provincial edict commuting penalties, it was also announced many times that prisoners would be released, that is, "the prisoners will be exempted from becoming common people".
Second, rectify the administration of officials and promote frugality. In view of the corruption of official administration and the corruption of bureaucratic extravagance in the late Western Han Dynasty, Guangwu paid attention to rectifying official administration after taking the throne, practiced frugality, rewarded integrity, and selected talented people as local officials; he also had strict requirements for local officials and strict rewards and punishments. Therefore, after the rectification, the official atmosphere changed. Therefore, the "Book of the Later Han·Biography of Xunli" has the reputation of "the internal and external bandits are relaxed, and the people are relaxed."
Third, reduce taxes and restraint, save criminal laws, practice martial arts and cultivate literature, do not rely on side merits, and rest with the people. In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, in view of the decline in production and the sharp decline in population after the war, Guangwu paid attention to implementing the policy of recuperating and recuperating the people, and first of all, he reduced taxes and reduced taxes. In the sixth year of Jianwu (AD 30), an edict was issued to restore the tax system of thirty to one tax in the early Western Han Dynasty. Next is the Provincial Criminal Code. The next step is to practice martial arts and cultivate literature, which is not about side merit. Guangwu "knows that the world is tired, and his thoughts and music are resting on his shoulders. Since the Longshu peace, he has never talked about the military again." In the 21st year of Jianwu (AD 45), the 16 countries including Shanshan and Dongshi in the Western Regions "all sent their sons to serve as servants, and asked for their protection." …The emperor decided that China was the first country to be established, and he did not neglect foreign affairs, but returned it to his servants and generously rewarded him.” In the twenty-seventh year of Jianwu (AD 51), the heroes Langlinghou Zanggong and Yangxuhou Mawu wrote a letter: Please take advantage of the split of the Xiongnu and the weakening of the Northern Xiongnu to send troops to destroy them, and achieve "the merit of carving stones for eternity". Guangwu issued an edict saying: "There is no good governance in the country today, disasters are endless, people cannot protect themselves, and they want to go far and far away! ...It is better to calm the people. ”
Fourth, in order to restrain powerful forces, implement the policy of concentrating farmland. The Eastern Han Dynasty was originally established with the support of powerful forces. However, the development of powerful forces and the gradual seriousness of land annexation not only threatened the imperial power, but also affected the lives of the people. In order to strengthen the court's control over the country's cultivated land and labor manpower, the burden of taxation and corvee was equalized. In the fifteenth year of Jianwu (39 AD) ) issued an edict: "The prefectures and counties inspected the acres of cultivated land and the age of the household registration, and also inspected the two thousand stone chief officials. It was in vain." "That is to order each county to measure the land and verify the household registration, which will serve as the basis for correcting land reclamation, population and taxation. After the edict was issued, it encountered resistance from powerful forces. Guangwu ordered the execution of Henan Yin Zhangji and more than ten prefects from other counties who had falsely transferred land, indicating that they would pursue the investigation severely. As a result, powerful families in various places resisted, and armed rebellions even broke out in some areas, "especially in the four prefectures of Qing, Xu, You, and Ji." Guangwu had no choice but to let it go. As a result, Dutian ended in failure.
As various policies and measures were implemented to varying degrees, favorable conditions were created for the restoration and development of social production, resulting in a substantial increase in cultivated land and population, thus laying the foundation for the country's material prosperity in the early eighty years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Base.
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