Contents of this article
- 1. The Qing Dynasty was also the king of subjugation.
- 2. Who is the person who installs Taichung Sanpi?
- 3. How did Chen’s surname come from?
- 4.Chen Huang
The Qing Dynasty was also the king of subjugation.
Both were kings of subjugation, why did Li Yu and Chen Shubao have very different endings?
Reason (937-978), the sixth son of Li Kui from the Southern Tang Dynasty. He was born in the early Ming Dynasty to Jiajia, Jia Chongguang, Hu Zongyan, Han nationality, Jinling (today in Nanjing), and his ancestral home is Pengcheng (today in Dongshan District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu). ).
In the second year of Qianlong in the Northern Song Dynasty (961), inheritance of principles and respect for pine trees were orthodox, and Shigong made contributions to ensuring peace. In October of the 4th year of Kaibao (971), Song Taizu destroyed Korea. Li Hao got rid of Tang Hu and changed the name to "Jiangnan National Wine". Then the next year, the musical instrument system was downgraded and the owls of the Taiwanese temple in Jinling (now Nanjing) kissed each other to show respect for the Song Dynasty. In the eighth year of Kaibao (975), the Song army broke through Jinling, and Li Xu made an emergency landing. He was captured due to changes (released today) and was named Yuchuan Superior General and Wei Minghou. On July 7, the third year of Taiping and Xingguo's reign (978), Li Ying died due to changes. The three of them were called Houzhou and Houzhou of the Southern Tang Dynasty.
Li Zheng was accomplished in Qingyi, Gonghe, Tongyin rate, and poetry, especially in vocabulary. The Ci of Reason inherits the tradition of Huajian poets such as Wen Zhengyun and Wei Zhuang since the late Tang Dynasty, and is influenced by Li Kui, Feng Yanshe, etc. The language is bright, the image is vivid, the emotion is serious, and the style is distinctive. The Marquis of the Subjugated Country has wider themes and deeper meanings. , there are different flags among the five pronouns in the late Tang Dynasty.
Two famous empresses in history had very different endings in troubled times.
Jin Hou Zhou Chen Shubao (553-604), Wen Shixiu, Su Xiaohuangnuo, Chen Shandi, Chen Tianyu's eldest son, Mo Queen Liu Qingyan, the last emperor of the Jin Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, reigned from 582 to 589.
During Chen Shubao's reign, he built large palaces, lived a luxurious life, ignored state affairs, spent time in the harem day and night, and softened his tattoos, nostalgic for the past. In the south of the navy, when relying on the natural insurance of the Yangtze River, I disagree. In the third year of Chen Ming Dynasty (589), the navy invaded Health and Chen Shubao was captured. After serving as a soldier in Luoyang, he died at the age of 52. He was posthumously buried in Luoyang Mountain as the general, Duke Zhang Chengxian, and Hu Hao.
The life experiences of Li Xu and Chen Shubao have many similarities. Neither Li Xu nor Chen Shubao were unprincipled monarchs. Historically, the empress was quite gifted and was good at composing lyrics. Many of his masterpieces have been passed down to the world, and he was called the "Emperor of Signatures" by the world. Chen Shubao was also good at it, and his masterpiece "Flowers in the Backyard of Yushu" has been passed down to the world. Both of them were captured by China during the unification war of the feudal dynasty, became subjugated kings, and were taken captive to other countries. However, their endings were very different. After being captured, both of them were banned from the circle of Tang Dynasty officials. However, three years after Li Yu, Song Taizong was poisoned by machine wine, and Chen Shubao did not die of illness until 16 years later.
There is truth in the life of reason. Faced with the role change from the old Ozone to the humble prisoner of a subjugated country, he did not deliberately hide his inner pain, so he spent three years "killing two birds with one stone." Zhao Guangyi sent an old minister from the Southern Tang Dynasty to test him. He knew that Zhao Guangyi's eyes and ears were close to him, but he refused to conceal his true psychology, but held the old minister's hand and shed tears. How could this behavior make the party and government agencies feel at ease? Li Hao is an excellent signature, and his works are full of infinite longing for the mountains.
In the eyes of the ruler Zhao Guangyi, this is of course a manifestation of "the thief's heart will never die". August 13, 1978 (July 7 of the lunar calendar) was Li Kui's 42nd birthday. Li Xu wrote the famous "Poppy Lady" with emotion. "When are the spring flowers and the autumn moon? How much do you know about the past? The east wind blew again in the small building last night, and the ancient country couldn't bear to look back at the moonlight. The sculpture railings and jade should still be there, but Zhu Yan has changed. Asking you how much sorrow you can have is like a river The spring water flows eastward!
This word that tells the pain of national subjugation finally made up its mind to kill Li Xu and sent Li Xu a glass of strong wine. In contrast, Chen Shubao and Li Yu are not so emotional. He doesn't care about his humble status as a captive, he eats, drinks, has fun and gets drunk every day. Yang Jian and Chen Shubao treated him very favorably and allowed him to manage three North Korean products, but Chen Shubao actually confessed to Yang Jian that he hoped to get larger official figures. Yang Jian often invited Chen Shubao to banquets. He was afraid of making him sad, so he deliberately asked him not to play Jiangnan songs at the banquets.
Some people thought that Chen Shubao was still the master of Chen Guoguo, drinking and laughing at the banquet without caring at all. So Yang Jian sighed. "Chen Shubao has no heart!" However, with this ruthless look, Chen Shubao was worried like Li Yu all day long. Can he still save lives? Chen Shubao is also good at poetry and lyrics. The song "Flowers in the Backyard of Yushu" he composed was very elegant and became a popular masterpiece. Li Yu's words were full of hurt pain and thoughts of his homeland. The content of Chen Shubao's poem is instead a hymn dedicated to the emperor. "Sun and Moon Chitoku, remove Yamashita-chan. Taiping cannot repay you, please report the cover letter!"
Li Hao and Chen Shubao, as kings of subjugated countries, "character determines their destiny." Aren't Li Xu's "Chen Chengjing" and Chen Shubao's "unintentional" the reasons for their respective life endings?
Who is the person who pretends to be Taichung Sanpi?
The Eastern Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms, the Southern and Northern Dynasties were called Yizhou, the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty were called Ryukyu. The Yuan Dynasty was called Ryukyu. The Ming Dynasty was called Xiao Ryukyu. The Qing Dynasty was called Taiwan Province (belonging to Fujian Province).
The Eastern Han Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties were called Yizhou, the Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty were called Ryukyu, the Yuan Dynasty was called Ryukyu, the Ming Dynasty was called Xiaoliuqiu, and the Qing Dynasty was called Taiwan Province (affiliated with Fujian Province).
The old names of Taiwan Province mainly include Yizhou, Ryukyu, Jilongshan, Dongfan, Daguan, Dongning, Formosa, etc.
During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, Yangzhou included Taiwan Province, "Daoyi", the first name of Taiwan Province. 2. There are three sacred mountains on the sea: Penglai, Fangzhang, and Yingzhou, as mentioned in Xu Fu's "History of the First Emperor of Qin". Later generations believed that "Yingzhou" was Taiwan Province. 3. Shen, the magistrate of Linhai County during the Three Kingdoms period, can be called the earliest provincial scholar in Taiwan. His "Linhai Land Chronicles" recorded the situation in Taiwan Province, which was called "Yizhou" at the time. 4. According to the "Book of Sui Dongyi Biography", Emperor Yang Di of the Sui Dynasty launched an expedition to Ryukyu in the sixth year of Daye (610).
Yizhou Yingzhou (Eastern Taiwan Province, Central Taiwan Province Yizhou, Southern Taiwan Province Yizhou) begged for Ryukyu Taiwan Province. "Taiwan Province's original name was Burying Wrongs, which was named by Zhang Quan people. "Because the Hokkien people in the Ming Dynasty went through a lot of hardships, and when they arrived in Taiwan Province, they were tired and miserable because of the unsuitable climate and soil. Many people died of illness, and even their bones could not be transported back to their hometown after death. "Therefore, they were named "Buried Wrongs". "Because "Burying Wrongs" is unlucky, and "Buried Wrongs" is homophonic with "Taiwan Province" in the Hokkien dialect, so it was renamed "Taiwan Province". Taiwan Province is located on the continental shelf on the southeast coast of mainland China, between 119° 18′03″ and 124° 34′30″ east longitude and 20° 45′ north latitude, that is, 25° to 25° 56′30″ of Taiwan Province. between. It covers an area of 36,000 square kilometers, including Taiwan Island (an area of 35,800 square kilometers), Penghu Islands, Green Island, Diaoyu Island, Pengjia Island, and Chiwei Island. In terms of administrative divisions, Taiwan Province originally governed five provincial cities: Keelung, Hsinchu, Taichung, Chiayi, and Tainan, Taipei, Yilan, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Miaoli, Taichung, Changhua, Nantou, Yunlin, Chiayi, Tainan, Kaohsiung, and Pingtung , Taitung, Hualien, and Penghu 16 counties. Later, in 1967, the Taiwan Provincial authorities designated Taipei as a "city under the jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan". Later, in 1979, Kaohsiung was established as a city under the Executive Yuan. In addition, there is the so-called "Fujian Provincial Government", which governs Kinmen and Lianjiang (Matsu) counties. The name comes from well-documented historical data, and the name "Taiwan Province" only appeared more than 300 years ago. However, historical records prove that people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait have long called Taiwan Province a treasure island. There have been nearly ten names for Taiwan Province in history. The different names reflect the Chinese nation's concern and expectations for the treasure island of Taiwan Province. When the state apparatus emerged in ancient China, China was divided into nine states. This historical fact is recorded in one of China's earliest history books, "Shang Shu·Gong Yu". Jiuzhou Yangzhou is bordered by the Huaihe River to the north and the sea to the east. In the book, "Island" refers to Taiwan Province. In the thirty-third year of Kangxi's reign (1642), Gao Gongqian specialized in "Taiwan Provincial Records", which showed that Xia and Shang Yangzhou included Taiwan Province. Japanese scholar Hideki Ozaki also believes that "Ishima" is the earliest name of Taiwan Province. "Daoyi", No. 1 in Taiwan Province. People's understanding of the ocean gradually increased, and people who came out of the water began to use the sea for others. During the Spring and Autumn Period, maritime transportation was developed, so many legends about the ocean emerged. Among them, the legend of the alchemist Xu Fu searching for the elixir of immortality for Qin Shi Huang has been passed down to this day. There are three sacred mountains on the sea: Penglai, Fangzhang and Yingzhou, which are mentioned in Xu Fu's "History of Qin Shihuang". Later generations believed that "Yingzhou" was Taiwan Province. Xu Fu did not come back, but the exchanges between the two parties increased in the following years. Taiwan Province, as a specialized historical and geographical book, is recorded in the "Book of the First Han Dynasty". By the Han Dynasty, records about Taiwan Province began to increase. There is such a record in "Geographical Chronicles of the Pre-Han Dynasty" that there are "Dongjie people" overseas in Kuaiji, divided into more than 20 countries, who "come to see them when they are old". Later, many scholars believed that "Dongzhen" should refer to Taiwan Province. In the "Book of the Later Han: Biography of Dongyi", Taiwan Province is divided into three parts, namely Dongyi is Northern Taiwan Province, Yizhou is Central Taiwan Province, and Yizhou is Southern Taiwan Province. On the map of Taiwan drawn by Dutchman Lins Gauden three hundred years ago, Taiwan Province was also divided into three islands. Taiwan Province is divided into three parts, which shows that the understanding of Taiwan Province is deepening. The situation in Taiwan Province is directly described during the Three Kingdoms period. During the Three Kingdoms period, Wudong was located south of the Yangtze River, and its jurisdiction included Huiji and the southeastern coastal areas. Wu Dong has close relations with overseas countries. "Three Kingdoms" mentioned that in the second year of Huanglong (230 years), Sun Quan sent troops to the sea to expedition to Yizhou. Many scholars believe that Yizhou is Taiwan Province. Abstract Shen, the governor of Linhai, can be called the earliest provincial scholar in Taiwan. His "Linhai Land Chronicles" specifically records Taiwan Province, which was called "Yizhou" at that time. However, this book has been lost, and the main contents are recorded in "Taiping Yulan". Judging from the content of the record, this was the most complete written information about Taiwan Province at that time. Of course, some people say that "Yizhou" at this time was somewhere in Guangdong or Hainan, but based on geographical location, climate, topography, historical sites, products, customs, etc., it should refer to Taiwan Province. Many mainlanders who are far away from the Taiwan Strait have learned about the specific situation of Taiwan Province through records of coastal water and soil, although it is limited. The ambitious Emperor Yang Di had no achievements worth boasting about during his reign, but he had a special preference for domestic and foreign campaigns. Of course, he has also fought against Taiwan Province, which has long been concerned by previous dynasties. According to the "Book of Sui Dongyi Biography", Yang Di made an expedition to Ryukyu and Qiuqiu in the sixth year of Daye (610). Where is "Ryukyu"? It has always been controversial. But most scholars believe that Ryukyu is Taiwan Province, not Ryukyu. In any case, the Sui Dynasty still knew Taiwan Province quite well. It is clearly recorded in "Biographies of Foreign Countries of the Song Dynasty" that there is an island called "Penghu" in Ryukyu and Guo to the east of Quanzhou, facing each other across the river, with fireworks flying. Zhao's "Zhufan Zhi" also has similar records, but of course the content of the records is not detailed. Many people have studied the name of Taiwan Province. Lien Chan, a political celebrity in Taiwan Province, was born into a local family. His grandfather was the famous historian Lien Heng. In Lian Heng's famous book "A General History of Taiwan Province", it is said that "the original name of Taiwan Province was Burying the Wrongs, which was given by the people of Zhang Quan. "Because the Hokkien people in the Ming Dynasty went through a lot of hardships, and when they arrived in Taiwan Province, they were tired and miserable because of the unsuitable climate and soil. Many people died of illness, and even their bones could not be transported back to their hometown after death. "Therefore, they were named "Buried Wrongs". "Because "Burying Wrongs" is unlucky, and "Buried Wrongs" is homophonic with "Taiwan Province" in the Hokkien dialect, so it was renamed "Taiwan Province". This analysis is not unreasonable, because immigrants do have unforgettable painful experiences. But Mr. Lian Heng’s conclusion is far-fetched because there are many homophones. Why use "Taiwan Province" instead of "burial of injustice"? It is unlucky to "bury an injustice", but where is the auspiciousness of "Taiwan Province"? This is not the origin of the name "Taiwan Province". Tainan is the earliest developed area in Taiwan Province, so the name of Taiwan Province comes from the name of Tainan. The Laiya people who originally lived in Tainan were called "Tainanese" or "Tai'an people" when introducing Taiwan Province. The Dutch spelled it "Taioan" and immigrants from the mainland pronounced it "Tai-Oan". Therefore, due to its different pronunciation, it is called "Taiyuan", "Dayuan", "Dawan" and "Dayuan" in Tainan area. Later, "Taiwan" in the Hokkien language was changed to "Taiwan Province", and the area referred to was expanded from Tainan to the entire Taiwan Province. Starting from the Ming Dynasty, the name "Taiwan Province" became popular. Zhou Ying, a Fujianese in the Ming Dynasty, named Taiwan Province "Taiyuan" in "Yuanyou Chapter·Dong Fan Collection". During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1573-1619), "Taiwan Province" appeared in official court documents. Zhang Mei's book "Ying Hu Bai Yong" in the Qing Dynasty pointed out: Zhou Ying called Taiwan Province "Taiwanese", "This is an error caused by the Hokkien language, and from then on the name of Taiwan Province entered China. "The name "Taiwan Province" comes from this and should be more objective. [1] Historical Overview After the prosperity of feudal society, various dynasties in the Central Plains had many exchanges with Taiwan Province. The papermaking technology invented by the Chinese greatly promoted the spread of human culture. Of course, it also records the hardships and sacrifices of the sons and daughters of China who jointly developed, built and defended Taiwan Province, as well as the historical facts of cross-strait exchanges. The first expedition to Taiwan took place in 230 AD. During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan, the monarch of the Wu Kingdom, sent 10,000 generals including Wei Wen and Zhuge to Taiwan Province, which they called "Yizhou". This was the first time in history that a Chinese dynasty came into contact with Taiwan Province. Their trip to Taiwan lasted a year. In the end, nine out of ten officers and soldiers suffered casualties due to disease and acclimatization. Finally, they returned to the mainland together with thousands of residents of Taiwan Province. In fact, this kind of military expedition is not plunder, but a common means for feudal dynasties to establish and consolidate their sphere of rule. The people from Taiwan Province brought back introduced many situations in Taiwan Province. Decades later, from 264 to 280 AD, Kuloko Shen, the governor of Linhai County of Wu State, wrote a "Linhai Land Chronicle" ( See "Taiping Yulan" Volume 780). He called this piece of land on the sea "Yizhou". It was located in the southeast of Linhai, two thousand miles away from the county seat. There is no snow or frost on the earth, and the vegetation is immortal. It is surrounded by mountains, and all the mountains are where they live. On the top of the mountain, the king of Yue shot Bai, but it was a stone. The barbarians are kings, and the people of the land are different. "This land is very fertile, with both grains and fish." It also introduces local products, people, customs, tools, historical relics, etc. Among them, "on the top of the mountain is a white stone shot by the King of Yue", which proves that Taiwan Province was the territory of the Yue State during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The description in the book gives people an image of Taiwan Province at that time: Yizhou is two thousand miles southeast of Linhai County. The climate here is hot, there is no frost and snow, the vegetation is evergreen all year round, the land is fertile, there are grains, there are many fish, fine cloth is woven, and metallurgy is produced. There is copper and iron. To preserve food in the hot climate, residents marinated fish in large clay pots to serve not only as a delicacy to themselves, but also to their guests. The parents have the final say on the marriage of men and women, and girls have to have their front teeth knocked out after marriage. The inhabitants are divided into different tribes, each with its own land and leader. When the leader summons the people, he uses a wooden stick to hit the hollowed-out wood in the middle. The sound could travel four or five miles, and the residents came after hearing it. During the war, the enemy's heads were chopped off and hung on the big wooden pestle in the courtyard. They were not taken off for several years to show their military exploits. This is the first time in the world that a relatively complete record of the customs of Taiwan Province has been written. The people of the Central Plains have a clear and clear understanding of Taiwan Province. In the Sui Dynasty, Yang Di exiled Yu Qiwei, Zhu Kuan, He Man and others to Taiwan Province in the third year of Daye (607), which was known as the "Penal Land" at that time. Because of the language barrier, they brought back a local from Taiwan Province the first time and some cloth armor the second time. In the sixth year of Daye (610), Yang Di raised more than 10,000 troops from Yi'an (Chaozhou), Guangdong, and marched against Chen Leng and North Korean doctor Zhang Zhen. Local people believe that this is a merchant ship from the Central Plains, indicating that mainland merchants often did business at that time, and people in Taiwan were already very familiar with commerce and trade. However, Chen Leng's negotiations with the local chief did not go smoothly, and they fought with swords and guns, bringing thousands of local residents back to the mainland. In Changhua City in central Taiwan, there is a street called "Chen Ling Street" to commemorate this general of the Sui Dynasty. After the long evolution from the Three Kingdoms to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the number of immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong to Taiwan Province gradually increased. By the Song Dynasty, there were more exchanges and economic activities. In order to facilitate management, management agencies were set up in Taiwan and Penghu. Penghu was listed in Jinjiang County, Fujian Province. This was the first time in the development history of Taiwan Province. The Taiwan-Pengzhou area was officially included in the territory of the Song Dynasty. Although dynasties and emperors changed over the next thousand years, the ownership of Taiwan Province never changed. The first time Chinese ethnic minorities took control of the Central Plains was the Yuan Dynasty. After the Yuan Dynasty took control of the Central Plains, it was customary to enter territories that had never been reached before. Therefore, in October of the 28th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1291), Yang Xiang, deputy navy commander, was sent as an envoy to march into Taiwan Province with more than 6,000 people including Wu, the Minister of Rites, and Ruan Jian, the Minister of War. Failure due to lack of knowledge of language and navigation. By 1335 AD, the Yuan Dynasty officially established the "Inspection Department" in Penghu. The inspection team is not high-level and belongs to level nine. "On duty patrols, specializing in arrests", catching criminals, and also running salt classes, but this is the first administrative law enforcement agency sent by the central government to Taiwan and Pengzhou. After that, the central dynasty began to send personnel to manage the Taipeng area. During the Yuan Dynasty, there was a traveler named Wang Dayuan who traveled to many places. During the reign of Zheng Zheng, he took a merchant ship to Taiwan Province and Penghu, and then wrote an introduction to Taiwan. Taiwan Province said in the book, “The terrain is dome-shaped, with verdant trees, moist and fertile soil, and suitable for crops. The climate is warming, and the real estate of placer gold, millet, sulfur, yellow wax, deer and leopard... Overseas countries, the foundation begins here. "It can be seen from people's travels to Taiwan Province and cross-strait business activities that there were many exchanges between Taiwan Province and the mainland at that time, and they have become complementary economic activities and daily social interactions. The success of Zheng Ming's maritime ban policy led to the prevalence of piracy on the southeast coast. In order to protect the coastal areas from pirates, the Ming Dynasty stationed troops in Keelung and Tamsui ports to prevent pirates from harassing the southeastern coast using the Taipeng area as their base. This is the first time that the central government has stationed troops on the island to protect the coast. Fengshan, Kaohsiung, has its specialty "Ginger Three Treasures", which were left behind by Zheng He during his voyage to Taiwan during the Ming Dynasty. This was the first large-scale caravan from the Central Plains to Taiwan Province. In order to defend Taiwan Province, in the following years, Zheng Chenggong carried out major military activities such as the recovery of Taiwan Province and the unification of Taiwan Province by Kangxi. In 1683, after the Qing government unified Taiwan Province, Taiwan Province formally established the Taiwan Government, which administered the three counties of Taiwan Province, Fengshan and Zhuluo. Taiwan Prefecture is under the jurisdiction of Fujian Province, which was later changed to 2 prefectures, 8 counties and 4 departments. The Qing government established complete governing institutions and systems in Taiwan Province and effectively managed them. Since the Western colonists invaded the East, the United States, Japan, France and other powers have successively carried out military provocations in Taiwan Province, exacerbating the territorial crisis in China's border areas. Under this circumstance, the attitude and approach of the upper echelons of the Qing government on how to govern Taiwan Province began to change, from "mainly preventing internal insurgency" to "mainly preventing external invasion." The Fujian Shipping Administrator in charge of Nanyang coastal defense affairs in the Qing Dynasty, later the Imperial Envoy Shen Baozhen, Fujian Governor Ding Richang and others called Taiwan the "barrier of seven provinces", "the key to the North and South Oceans", and "the first gateway to China", and emphasized Taiwan many times. importance of provincial status. They have also made repeated recommendations to establish a province in Taiwan Province to strengthen official administration, effectively manage the isolated Taiwan-Pengzhou area overseas, and consolidate coastal defense. Under the border crisis at that time, Taiwan Province could be established as a province. This suggestion was first put forward by Ding Richang in 1874. In November of the following year, Shen Baozhen proposed the establishment of a "Governor of Fujian" in the name of the Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, "Taiwan Province in winter and spring, and Fuzhou in summer and autumn." In the spring of 1876, the new governor Ding Richang was unable to stay in Taiwan Province as scheduled and asked the imperial court to send another important minister to Taiwan Province and establish a "Governor of Taiwan Province". As a result, the three-year "winter and spring residency" was changed to a single governor of Taiwan Province. It was not until June 1884 that the Qing government sent Liu Mingchuan, the governor-general of Zhili, with the title of governor-general to supervise the government affairs and defense of Taiwan Province. No matter how film and television works describe him, Liu Mingchuan is indeed a promising official. Not long after Liu Mingchuan took office, the Sino-French war broke out. In general, China, which did not fail militarily, suffered another political defeat. In the face of a crisis, it is particularly necessary to strengthen Taiwan Province's defense. Yang Changjun, governor of Fujian, and imperial envoy Zuo supervised Fujian's military affairs. In July, they submitted another letter demanding that Fujian and Taiwan be "divided into separate governor-general offices" and "divided into provinces and divided into separate administrations." On October 12, the eleventh year of Guangxu (1885), the Empress Dowager Cixi lowered the curtain to listen to the government, and at the same time agreed to invite Zuo's invitation by imperial edict. The government affairs of Fujian were managed by the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang. The governor of Fujian was changed to the governor of Taiwan Province, and a province was officially established in Taiwan Province by imperial edict. In 1888, the division of Fujian and Taiwan was officially realized. Taiwan Province was established as a separate province. It was changed from the original 2 prefectures, 8 counties and 4 offices to 3 prefectures, 11 counties, 4 offices and 1 Zhili Prefecture. Later, the South Asia Office was added. The first governor of Fujian and Taiwan Province was Liu Mingchuan. It was this governor who opened the door to modern economic development in Taiwan Province. After 550 years of ups and downs, Taiwan Province became the 20th province of the Qing Dynasty. The establishment of the Taiwan Provincial Organization was mainly to consolidate the southeastern coastal defense, resist invasion by foreign powers, and strengthen military defense. The process of modern industrialization started from within, with mining, postal services, transportation, reclamation, and education developing one after another. Since then, Taiwan Province society has entered a period of large-scale development. It is the exchanges between the two sides in history that connect the hearts of the people on both sides. Taiwan Province and the mainland are inseparable. The sea tells us that Taiwan Province has so many "firsts" from the mainland, not only in the sense of chronological order, but also in the courage of many pioneers, the hardships of pioneers, and the sacrifices of strivers. It contains how much Taiwan Province yearns for the hinterland of the Central Plains, and also how much care the mainland people have for their compatriots in Taiwan Province. It also tells us that it is during these thousand years of exchanges that Chinese culture has penetrated Taiwan Province; compatriots in Taiwan Province, in the continuous and lasting environment of Chinese culture, have also become one of the creative groups of Chinese culture, surprising the world, and even Somewhat incredible. Therefore, the relationship between Taiwan Province and the mainland has profound historical origins and cultural deposits. [2]
Where did the surname Chen come from?
According to research, the surname Chen comes from the surname Gui Gui. The distant ancestor is Yu (?-2070 BC, dynasty name) Shun. The surname Chen has a history of nearly 3,050 years. The surname Chen is one of the five major surnames in China. When King Wu of Zhou (reigned 1046-1043 BC) conquered Zhou (reigned 1075-1046 BC), Sun Fu (E Fu), the 32nd generation of Shun, was Tao Zheng (an ancient official name, in charge of pottery). King Wu of Zhou relied on his father's help to win the battle against Yin (1600 BC - 1046 BC). Due to his father's outstanding achievements, King Wu married his eldest daughter Tai Ji to her son Chen Hu Gongman, and was granted the title of Chen State (in today's Huaiyang County, Henan Province), so the surname was replaced by the fief. Man's descendants took the surname Chen. This is the origin of Chen's family.
Reference materials: ***/question/850825.html According to the records in "Surname Compilation", the surname Chen was first derived from the surname Gui, who was a descendant of Shun. Chen, originally a place, was originally the ruins of Taihao (the place where the Eight Diagrams were painted). During the reign of King Wu of Zhou, he granted this place to Guiman, a descendant of Shun, and married his daughter Taiji to him, calling him Hu Gong. Later, his tenth grandson Guiwan went to Qi for some reason and began to take the country as his surname and created the surname "Chen".
At that time, the Chen land owned by Hu Gongman was roughly from the east of Kaifeng, Henan, to the north of Bo County, Anhui, with the capital Wanqiu, which is now Huaiyang County, Henan. This place should be the earliest birthplace of the Han people with the surname Chen.
After going to Qi, Chen Wan first took Chen as his surname, with the courtesy name Jingzhong. Later, he gradually became prosperous in Qi State and settled in the fields. At this time, he changed his surname to Tian. There is a paragraph in "Historical Records" titled "Tian Jingzhong Wanshi Family", which records his story. Therefore, the Tian surname should be derived from the Chen surname. The two surnames were originally one family more than 3,000 years ago!
The Chen State, which was multiplied by Hu Gongman's branch, lasted for twenty-five generations. By the time of Guijian, it was destroyed by Qin Shihuang. Guijian gave birth to three sons, ㄙ, Huan and Zhen. After the fall of the country, Huan changed his surname to Wang, and Zhen went to Chu State. Later, he became the prime minister of Chu State, named Yingchuan Marquis, and moved to Yingchuan in Henan. In this place, the surname was changed to Chen - this branch is generally considered to be the common ancestor of the Chen surname.
However, the components of the Chen surname, like other popular surnames, are not just those passed down by Hu Gongman. There is a record in "Tongzhi Clan Brief" that explains very clearly the various factors that formed the Chen surname.
"In the 24th year of Duke Gong's reign, King Hui of Chu sent Gongsun, the son of Zixi, to attack Chen and destroy it, and his descendants took the country as their surname. In addition, Chen of Guangling (in the northeast of present-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province) was actually the Liu family. The Prime Minister of Lu had no children, and his grandson Liu Jiao was the heir. "Henan Guanshi Zhi" says: After Hou Mochen, it was also changed to Chen's name. He also said: Bai Yonggui changed his name to the Chen family in the early Sui Dynasty, which was the Chen family name of Wannian. "
The surname Chen has at least four groups with different origins - descendants of Emperor Shun, descendants of Bai Yonggui, descendants of Liu Jiao, and descendants of the Turkic Hou Mo Chen family.
After thousands of years of reproduction, these four "horses" with the surname Chen have spread to every corner of the world. However, among them, the Chen family from Yingchuan, Runan (today's Henan Province), Xiapi, Guangling (today's Jiangsu), and Donghai (today's junction of southeastern Shandong and Jiangsu) are the most numerous.
Chen Wan, who was the first to take Chen as his surname and later changed his surname to Tian, was also the first Chen family to make a splash in history. Tai Shigong gave a detailed description of him in "Historical Records". It is said that after he changed his surname to Tian in Qi State, his descendants have been high-ranking officials in Qi State for generations. When it was passed to Tianhe, they were further classified as princes. His son Tian Ping simply annexed Qi State. This is the so-called " Tian Qi".
Chen Huang
The origin of Chen is the name of a vassal state in the Zhou Dynasty of China, which was granted to Shang in the area of Huaiyang County in present-day Henan Province. In the Zhou Dynasty, it was the head of the three Kes (Yu Chen, Xia Qi, Shang and Song Dynasty), that is, Chen Guo. Rank: Duke. The first king of the Zhou Dynasty: Chen Hugong (whose real name was Yu Guiman). According to the regulations of the Xutu clan, he was called Chen. The surname was Chen Man, the ancestor who used the surname Chen. Chen Man was the son-in-law of King Wu of Zhou and a grandson of Emperor Shun's son Shang Jun. Shang Jun was born to Nvying, the daughter of Yao. Cheng's surname was Cheng, and the county name was Yiluo. Cheng's totem 1. Comes from the surname Feng, with Guo as the surname, after Chongli. According to "Tongzhi Clan Brief", "Guangyun" and other records, it is said that in ancient times, the Gaoyang clan appointed their grandson Chong as the official of Nanzheng, in charge of worshiping gods, and appointed Chong's younger brother Li as the official of Huozheng, in charge of civil affairs. His descendants inherited the position hereditary. During the Shang Dynasty, the descendant of Chongli was granted the title of Yu Cheng (east of present-day Luoyang City, Henan Province, or east of present-day Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province), established the State of Cheng, and was called Cheng Bo. His descendants later took the country as their surname and were called the Cheng family. That is, the Cheng family in Henan or Shaanxi. 2. It comes from the post of Bo Fu during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. After Bo Fu Nai Chong Li, he presented "three different blessings" to King Cheng of Zhou Dynasty, namely "a chariot from Mount Tai, a jade from a well, and a pair of ears of grain", so he was granted the title of Cheng Di in Guangping, and his descendants took the city as their surname. , is the Cheng family in Hebei. 3. Take the land as the surname. According to "Tonggu of Wanxing" and "Compilation of Yuanhe Surnames", etc., during the reign of King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty, Cheng Boxiu, a descendant of Chongli, lost his father. The land of Xu Fang (i.e. Xuecheng of the Zhou Dynasty, the former site is in today's Xue Gucheng, southeast of Tengzhou, Shandong), established military merits, and was granted the title of Chengyi (east of today's Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, some say east of today's Luoyang City, Henan Province), and his descendants Some are named after their officials and are called the Sima clan; others are named after their land and are called the Cheng clan. 4. It comes from the surname Ji, which was changed by the descendants of the Xun family and took Yi as their surname. According to "Compilation of Yuanhe Surnames" and "Tongzhi Clan Briefing", in the 11th century BC, Zhou Gongdan was granted the title of prince, and the 10th son of King Wen of Zhou (some say the 17th son) was granted the title of Xun (near Linyi, Shandong). County), known as Xunhou and Xunbo in history. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Xun was annexed by the State of Jin, and its descendants took the original name of the country as "Xun" as their surname. Later, they moved to the city and added Caotou as the surname "Xun". In the Spring and Autumn Period, the uncle of the Duke of Jin was granted the title of "Xun" ( West of present-day Zhengping County, Shanxi Province), and later took the town name "Xun" as his surname. According to "Zuo Zhuan Du Yu's Notes", during the Spring and Autumn Period, a branch of the Xun family of the Jin Dynasty (not the eldest son of the wife or the son of a concubine) gathered food in Chengyi (now northeast of Xinjiang County, Shanxi), and later took the name of Yi as his surname. , called the Cheng family, is the Cheng family in Shanxi. [Origin of the Cheng family] There are two sources of the Cheng family: ① It is said that the ancestor of the Cheng surname was Zhu Rong. When Zhu Rong's descendants reached the Shang Dynasty, some people were granted the title of Cheng Di (today's eastern Luoyang, Henan) and established Cheng Guo, his descendants took the country's surname as their surname, and were called the Cheng family. ② During the reign of King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty, there was Sima Cheng Bo, who died of his father's death. Some of his descendants took the official name "Sima" as their surname, while others took "Cheng" as their surname and were also the Cheng surname. The origin of Cheng is that the surname "Cheng" is a partial surname in Singapore. There are not many people with the surname "Cheng". If someone introduces himself as "Cheng", the other person will naturally think that his surname must be "Chen" or "Cheng", but not Thinking of his surname "Cheng". When a person with the surname "Cheng" explains clearly to the other party that "Cheng" means success, the other party may be surprised and ask: "Is there such a surname? Are you descendants of the Mongol emperor Genghis Khan? ” (Genghis Khan’s surname was not “Cheng”). In fact, the Cheng family has a long history. The Cheng family are not Mongolians, but real Han people. They are the descendants of Cheng Bo, the son of King Wen of Zhou Dynasty. Cheng Bo was named Uncle Kuang, and his fiefdom was in "Chengyi" (Place name), now Bishui Town, Rongyang County, Henan Province. Cheng Bo's descendants took the fiefdom as their surname, which was the beginning of the "Cheng" surname. After 4,000 years and many migrations of the Han people, the descendants of Cheng Bo migrated to various provinces and counties, and some of the Cheng clan went south to Guangdong and Guangxi provinces. Vice-president of the Cheng Clan Association Cheng Chao said that according to the membership register of the Singapore-Malaysia Cheng Clan Association in Ipoh, among the more than 300 members, the largest number is from Yunfu, Guangdong. County, followed by Guangxi Rong County, Guangdong Qingyuan County, Yingde County, Zengcheng County, Xinyi County, Chaoan County, Panyu County and Lianzhou County. Cheng Chao also said that most of the Cheng family members in Singapore are Teochews, with fewer Fujian and Cantonese people. The majority of the Cheng clan in Taiwan are from Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, followed by Kinmen in Fujian. There is a Chengjia Village in Sai Kung, Hong Kong. The residents there are all surnamed "Cheng". They are Hakkas whose ancestral home is Bao'an County, Guangdong. Although there are not many people with the surname "Cheng", there are outstanding celebrities throughout the ages. Cheng Lian in the Spring and Autumn Period was a famous luthier. One of his students was the familiar Boya. Boya studied qin with Cheng Lian for 3 years and became a world-famous player. We are not from the same family. I hope I can help you!
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